A file with the TORRENT file extension is a BitTorrent Data file that contains information about how files should be accessed through the BitTorrent P2P network.
Much like a URL, TORRENT files simply point to another area on the internet where the file is at and use that location to retrieve the data. Also like a URL, this means that if the location of the file is not active on the internet, the data can't be downloaded.
Things like file names, locations, and sizes are included in a TORRENT file, but not the actual data itself. A torrent program is required to download the digital files referenced from within the TORRENT file.
While there are many places to find TORRENT files, most are used to spread copyrighted movies, music, and games, which is considered illegal in many countries. Fortunately, there are also free and absolutely legal alternatives where you can watch TV shows online, stream movies online, download music, find audiobooks, and download PC games.
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How to Open a TORRENT File
Take great care when downloading software, music, or anything else through torrents. Since you're most likely taking files from people you don't know, you always run the risk of there being malware included with the data. It's important to have an antivirus program installed to catch anything potentially dangerous.
TORRENT files are opened in a torrent client like uTorrent or Vuze, or even online through a website like Filestream, Seedr, or Put.io. If you're on an Android device, you can use the Flud or uTorrent app.
Online torrent sites like Filestream and ZBIGZ download the torrent data for you on their own servers and then give you the files to download directly through your web browser like you would a normal, non-torrent file.
Downloading torrents online with Put.io or another web-based torrent client, is helpful if your ISP or institution blocks or limits BitTorrent traffic. This works because from the service provider's point of view, the downloads aren't any different than regular HTTP traffic.
The contents, or instructions, of TORRENT files, can sometimes be viewed using a text editor. However, even if you can read through the TORRENT file as a text file, there's nothing in there that you can download or realistically use/read — you have to use a torrent client to actually get the files.
Here's an example of what's behind a TORRENT file (this one downloads Ubuntu):
How to Convert a TORRENT File
A free file converter is the method of choice for converting most file types, like DOCX, MP4, etc., but TORRENT files are an exception.
Since a TORRENT file's purpose is for holding instructions and not for storing files themselves, the only reason to convert a TORRENT file is to save it under a new format that can still utilize those instructions. For example, you're able to convert a TORRENT file to a magnet link (similar to .TORRENT) with the Torrent > > Magnet website.
Something you most certainly cannot do with TORRENT files converts them to 'regular' file types like MP4, PDF, ZIP, MP3, EXE, MKV, etc. Again, TORRENT files are only instructions for downloading these types of files, not the files themselves, which means no amount of converting of any sort could ever pull these types of files out of a TORRENT file.
For example, while a TORRENT file can describe to a torrent client how to download, say, the Ubuntu operating system, simply changing or converting the .TORRENT file itself will not get you that OS, or anything really.
You instead would need to download the .TORRENT file from the Ubuntu website and use it with a torrent client, which would then download the ISO file that makes up the operating system — it's that ISO file that the TORRENT file explains to the torrent client how to download.
However, at this point, after the ISO has been downloaded, you can convert the ISO file like you would any other file by using a free file converter. It doesn't matter if the TORRENT file was used to download PNG images or MP3 audio files — you can then use an image converter or audio converter to convert them to JPG or WAV files, for example.
Still Can't Open the File?
Some file extensions looks similar to others, but that doesn't mean that the files themselves are related or that they can be used by the same programs.
For example, TORRENT and TOR look alike but the latter is a file extension used for Star Wars: The Old Republic asset files that holds game data like weapons and music. The Star Wars: The Old Republic game is needed in order to make use of TOR files.
TRN is another example that could be confused for a TORRENT file even though it's actually used for SQL Server Transaction Log Backup files and opened with Microsoft SQL Server.
Das Lied von der Erde ('The Song of the Earth') is a composition for two voices and orchestra written by the Austrian composerGustav Mahler between 1908 and 1909. Described as a symphony when published, it comprises six songs for two singers who alternate movements.
Mahler specified the two singers should be a tenor and an alto, or else a tenor and a baritone if an alto is not available.[1]
Mahler composed this work following the most painful period in his life, and the songs address themes such as those of living, parting and salvation.
On the centenary of Mahler's birth, the composer and prominent Mahler conductor Leonard Bernstein described Das Lied von der Erde as Mahler's 'greatest symphony'.[2]
Origins[edit]
Three disasters befell Mahler during the summer of 1907. Political maneuvering and antisemitism forced him to resign as Director of the Vienna Court Opera, his eldest daughter Maria died from scarlet fever and diphtheria, and Mahler himself was diagnosed with a congenital heart defect. 'With one stroke,' he wrote to his friend Bruno Walter, 'I have lost everything I have gained in terms of who I thought I was, and have to learn my first steps again like a newborn'.[3]
The same year saw the publication of Hans Bethge's Die chinesische Flöte, a volume of ancient Chinese poetry rendered into German. Mahler was captivated by the vision of earthly beauty and transience expressed in these verses[4] and chose seven of the poems to set to music as Das Lied von der Erde. Mahler completed the work in 1909.
Text of Das Lied von der Erde[edit]
The Universal Edition score of 1912 for Das Lied von der Erde shows Mahler's adapted text as follows.
1. 'Das Trinklied vom Jammer der Erde' ('The Drinking Song of Earth's Sorrow' or 'The Drinking Song of Earthly Woe')[edit]
2. 'Der Einsame im Herbst' ('The Solitary One in Autumn')[edit]
3. 'Von der Jugend' ('Youth')[edit]
4. 'Von der Schönheit' ('Beauty')[edit]
5. 'Der Trunkene im Frühling' ('The Drunkard in Spring')[edit]
6. 'Der Abschied' ('The Farewell')[edit]
Text in Mahler's sources[edit]
Mahler's source for the text was Hans Bethge's Die chinesische Flöte. Bethge used prior translations and adaptations of the original Chinese poetry.[5] Texts now identified as being likely sources used by Bethge include Hans Heilman's Chinesische Lyrik (1905),[6]Marquis d'Hervey de Saint Denys' Poésies de l'époque des Thang,[7] and Judith Gautier's Livre de Jade.[8][9][10]
Four of the songs -- Das Trinklied vom Jammer der Erde, Von der Jugend, Von der Schönheit and Der Trunkene im Frühling—were derived from poems written by Li Bai, the wandering poet of the Tang dynasty. Der Einsame im Herbst is based on a poem by Qian Qi, another poet of the Tang Dynasty.[11]Der Abschied combines poems by Tang Dynasty poets Meng Haoran and Wang Wei, with several additional lines by Mahler himself. These attributions have been a matter of some uncertainty, and around the turn of the 21st century, Chinese scholars extensively debated the sources of the songs following a performance of the work in China in 1998.[12]
Instrumentation[edit]
Mahler had already included movements for voice and orchestra in his Second, Third, Fourth and Eighth Symphonies. However, Das Lied von der Erde is the first complete integration of song cycle form with that of the symphony. The form was afterwards imitated by other composers, notably by Shostakovich and Zemlinsky. This new form has been termed a 'song-symphony',[13] a hybrid of the two forms that had occupied most of Mahler's creative life.
Das Lied von der Erde is scored for a large orchestra, consisting of the following:
Mahler deploys these resources with great restraint; only in the first, fourth and sixth songs does the full orchestra play together. The celesta is only heard at the end of the finale, and only the first movement requires all three trumpets, with two playing in the fourth movement and none playing in the sixth. In many places the texture resembles chamber music, with only a few instruments being used at one time.
Mahler's habit was to subject the orchestration of every new orchestral work to detailed revision over several years. Though the musical material itself was hardly ever changed, the complex instrumental 'clothing' would be altered and refined in the light of experience gained in performance. In the case of Das Lied von der Erde, however, this process could not occur as the work's publication and first performance occurred posthumously.
The score calls for tenor and alto soloists.[1] However, Mahler includes the note that 'if necessary, the alto part may be sung by a baritone'. For the first few decades after the work's premiere, this option was little used. On one occasion Bruno Walter tried it out, and engaged Friedrich Weidemann, the baritone who had premiered Kindertotenlieder under Mahler's own baton in 1905. However, Walter felt that tenor and baritone did not work as well as tenor and alto, and he never repeated the experiment.[14]
Following the pioneering recordings of the work by baritone Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau under conductors Paul Kletzki and Leonard Bernstein, the use of baritones in this work has increased.
Arnold Schoenberg began to arrange Das Lied von der Erde for chamber orchestra, reducing the orchestral forces to string and wind quintets, and calling for piano, celesta and harmonium to supplement the harmonic texture. Three percussionists are also employed. Schoenberg never finished this project, but the arrangement was completed by Rainer Riehn in 1980.
In 2004, the Octavian Society commissioned Glen Cortese to create two reductions of the work, one for a chamber ensemble of twenty instruments and one for a small orchestra with woodwinds and brass in pairs. Both these reductions are published in critical editions by Universal in Vienna.
Mahler also arranged the work for piano accompaniment, and this has been recorded by Cyprien Katsaris with Thomas Moser and Brigitte Fassbaender. Katsaris has also performed this version in concert.[15]
Premieres[edit]
The first public performance was given, posthumously, on 20 November 1911 in the Tonhalle in Munich, sung by Sara Cahier and William Miller (both Americans) with Bruno Walter conducting. Mahler had died six months earlier, on 18 May.
One of the earliest performances in London (possibly the first) occurred in January 1913 at the Queen's Hall under conductor Henry Wood, where it was sung by Gervase Elwes and Doris Woodall. Wood reportedly thought that the work was 'excessively modern but very beautiful'.[16]
Commentary[edit]
According to the musicologist Theodor W. Adorno, Mahler found in Chinese poetry what he had formerly sought after in the genre of German folk song: a mask or costume for the sense of rootlessness or 'otherness' attending his identity as a Jew.[17] This theme, and its influence upon Mahler's tonality, has been further explored by John Sheinbaum.[18] It has also been asserted that Mahler found in these poems an echo of his own increasing awareness of mortality.[19]
Curse of the Ninth[edit]
Mahler was aware[20] of the so-called 'curse of the ninth', a superstition arising from the fact that no major composer since Beethoven had successfully completed more than nine symphonies: he had already written eight symphonies before composing Das Lied von der Erde. Fearing his subsequent demise,[citation needed] he decided to subtitle the work A Symphony for Tenor, Alto and Large Orchestra (Eine Symphonie für eine Tenor- und eine Alt- (oder Bariton-) Stimme und Orchester), rather than numbering it as a symphony. His next symphony, written for purely instrumental forces, was numbered his Ninth. That was indeed the last symphony he fully completed, because only two movements of the Tenth had been fully orchestrated at the time of his death.
Structure[edit]Mahlr Full Work Torrent Youtube1. 'Das Trinklied vom Jammer der Erde'[edit]
The first movement, 'The Drinking Song of Earth's Misery' (in A minor), continually returns to the refrain, Dunkel ist das Leben, ist der Tod (literally, 'Dark is life, is death'), which is pitched a semitone higher on each successive appearance.
Like many drinking poems by Li Bai, the original poem 'Bei Ge Xing' (a pathetic song) (Chinese: 悲歌行) mixes drunken exaltation with a deep sadness. The singer's part is notoriously demanding, since the tenor has to struggle at the top of his range against the power of the full orchestra. This gives the voice its shrill, piercing quality, and is consistent with Mahler's practice of pushing instruments, including vocal cords, to their limits. According to musicologist Theodor W. Adorno, the tenor should here create the impression of a 'denatured voice in the Chinese (falsetto) style'.[21]
The movement begins with a three-note horn call which recurs throughout the song, most notably at the climax in which the singer describes an ape calling 'into the sweet fragrance of life.' The climax also marks the first of the three whole-tone passages that occur in the symphony.
2. 'Der Einsame im Herbst'[edit]
'The lonely one in Autumn' (for alto, in D minor) is a much softer, less turbulent movement. Marked 'somewhat dragging and exhausted', it begins with a repetitive shuffling in the strings, followed by solo wind instruments. The lyrics, which are based on the first part of a Tang Dynasty era poem by Qian Qi,[11] lament the dying of flowers and the passing of beauty, as well as expressing an exhausted longing for sleep. The orchestration in this movement is sparse and chamber music-like, with long and independent contrapuntal lines.
3. 'Von der Jugend'[edit]
The third movement, 'Of Youth' (for tenor, in B-flat major), is the most obviously pentatonic and faux-Asian. The form is ternary, the third part being a greatly abbreviated revision of the first. It is also the shortest of the six movements, and can be considered a first scherzo.
4. 'Von der Schönheit'[edit]
The music of this movement, 'Of Beauty' (for alto, in G major), is mostly soft and legato, meditating on the image of some 'young girls picking lotus flowers at the riverbank.' Later in the movement there is a louder, more articulated section in the brass as the young men ride by on their horses. There is a long orchestral postlude to the sung passage, as the most beautiful of the young maidens looks longingly after the most handsome of the young men.
5. 'Der Trunkene im Frühling'[edit]Mahlr Full Work Torrent Online
The second scherzo of the work is provided by the fifth movement, 'The drunken man in Spring' (for tenor, in A major). Like the first, it opens with a horn theme. In this movement Mahler uses an extensive variety of key signatures, which can change as often as every few measures. The middle section features a solo violin and solo flute, which represent the bird the singer describes.
6. 'Der Abschied'[edit]
The final movement, 'The Farewell' (for alto, from C minor to C major), is nearly as long as the previous five movements combined. Its text is drawn from two different poems, both involving the theme of leave-taking. Mahler himself added the last lines. This final song is also notable for its text-painting, using a mandolin to represent the singer's lute, imitating bird calls with woodwinds, and repeatedly switching between the major and minor modes to articulate sharp contrasts in the text.
The movement is divided into three major sections. In the first, the singer describes the nature around her as night falls. In the second, she is waiting for her friend to say a final farewell. A long orchestral interlude precedes the third section, which depicts the exchange between the two friends and fades off into silence.
Lines 1–3, 17–19, and 26–28 are all sung to the same music, with a pedal point in the low strings and soft strokes of the tam-tam; in the first two of these sections, a countermelody in the flute imitates the song of a bird, but the third of these sections is just the bare pedal point and tam-tam.[22] The singer repeats the final word of the song, 'ewig' ('forever'), like a mantra, accompanied by sustained chords in the orchestra, which features mandolin, harps, and celesta. 'Ewig' is repeated as the music fades into silence, the final chord 'printed on the atmosphere' as Benjamin Britten asserted.[23] It is also worth noting that throughout Das Lied von der Erde there is a persistent message that 'The earth will stay beautiful forever, but man cannot live for even a hundred years.' At the end of 'Der Abschied,' however, Mahler adds three original lines which repeat this, but purposefully omit the part saying that 'man must die'.[22] Conductor and composer Leonard Bernstein asserts that this ties in with the Eastern idea of Nirvana, in that the 'soul' of the singer, as she or he dies, becomes one with the everlasting earth.[24]
The last movement is very difficult to conduct because of its cadenza-like writing for voice and solo instruments, which often flows over the barlines. Mahler specifically instructed the movement to be played 'Ohne Rücksicht auf das Tempo' (Without regard for the tempo). Bruno Walter related that Mahler showed him the score of this movement and asked about one passage, 'Can you think of a way of conducting that? Because I can't.'[25] Mahler also hesitated to put the piece before the public because of its relentless negativity, unusual even for him. 'Won't people go home and shoot themselves?' he asked.[26]
Recordings[edit]Original score as written by Mahler[edit]Versions with female and male soloists[edit]
Versions with two male soloists[edit]
Versions with one male soloist[edit]
Original version for high and middle voice and piano[edit]
Schoenberg and Riehn arrangement[edit]
Cantonese translation[edit]
In 2004, Daniel Ng and Glen Cortese prepared a Cantonese version. The world premiere of this version was given on 14 August 2004 by the Chamber Orchestra Anglia at the British Library, conducted by Sharon Andrea Choa, with soloists Robynne Redmon and Warren Mok.[27] It was performed again by the Singapore Symphony Orchestra on 22 July 2005, with mezzo Ning Liang and tenor Warren Mok, under the direction of Lan Shui.
Related works[edit]
American poet Ronald Johnson wrote a series of concrete poems called 'Songs of the Earth' (1970) based on a 'progression of hearings' of Mahler's work.[28]
References[edit]
Sources[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Das_Lied_von_der_Erde&oldid=894760874'
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